A systematic review of the interrelation of administrative, Environmental, Social and Governance of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) Spaceport Project in Biak, Papua, Indonesia

This paper aims to explain the administrative and Environmental, Social Governance (ESG) of Indonesian Spaceport Project in Biak, Papua, Indonesia, under Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) scheme, particularly from protest fear environmental damage traditional rights. analyzes factors that cause local society’s reluctance accept development Indonesia’s very first commercial spaceport. uses a doctrinal methodology, which examines changes trend ESG implementing PPP projects. The method used is qualitative systematic review national international studies. finds lack legal certainty for as main factor contributing pitfall project Biak Papua. No clear Government Contracting Agency (GCA), plus fact government puts too much weight on business consideration while Papuan people need more ESG, especially considering historical conflict region, has been epicenter problem. Given ESG-PPP regulatory failure spaceport focused studies using comparative study methodology are needed propose robust customized regulations politically historically sensitive area. authors forward reform balance administration, considerations projects